Reconstructing the Values of Wasathiyah Islam in Sunan Drajat’s Catur Piwulang: A Local Wisdom Framework for Religious Moderation and Social Harmony

Abstract

The growing challenges of religious intolerance, social polarization, and identity-based conflicts have increased the urgency of promoting Islamic moderation (Wasathiyah Islam) as a framework for fostering peaceful coexistence in multicultural societies. This study aims to explore the values of Wasathiyah Islam embedded in the Catur Piwulang philosophy of Sunan Drajat and to examine their relevance for strengthening religious harmony, social cohesion, and national integration in contemporary Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach, this research utilizes library research and content analysis methods to interpret the philosophical and moral teachings contained in Catur Piwulang. Primary data were derived from historical records and literature concerning Sunan Drajat’s teachings, while secondary sources included scholarly works on Islamic moderation, character education, and intercultural relations. The findings reveal that Catur Piwulang embodies fundamental principles of Wasathiyah Islam, including balance (tawazun), justice (‘adl), tolerance (tasamuh), compassion (rahmah), and social responsibility. These values are reflected in Sunan Drajat’s emphasis on helping the poor, respecting human dignity, promoting solidarity, and prioritizing communal welfare over individual interests. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that these teachings offer a contextual and culturally rooted model for addressing contemporary challenges such as religious extremism, social fragmentation, and declining civic ethics. The reconstruction of Sunan Drajat’s philosophical teachings highlights their potential contribution to strengthening moderate religious attitudes and fostering inclusive social interactions across diverse communities. This study concludes that Catur Piwulang is not merely a historical legacy but also a relevant ethical framework for promoting peace, humanity, and sustainable social harmony in modern society. The findings contribute to the discourse on Islamic moderation by integrating local wisdom with contemporary approaches to religious and social development.